This seminar stages a “collision laboratory” between literatures of the earth produced by Renaissance writers (1450 – 1750) and current popular, artistic, literary and scientific writings about the Anthropocene. It has two aims: first, to explore how seemingly current conversations regarding environmental disaster, sustainability, and resilience traffic in ideas, metaphors, and modes of thinking whose roots extend into the Renaissance; and, second, to consider how early modern habits of thought and practice might not only resemble the present but influence it, aiding in our challenge of imagining alternative forms of habitation and cultivation of the earth.
The seminar draws into conversation cross-disciplinary voices and moves across a broad transhistorical field of focus in the readings. We will regularly set primary material and criticism alongside the visual arts and/or scientific reporting on the Anthropocene. It surveys a decade of Renaissance eco-criticism that positioned Shakespeare’s world-view at its center in order to expand and explore the stakes of recent eco-feminist, eco-philological, and eco-cosmopolitan methodologies, as well as medieval ecocriticisms, premodern and ‘prismatic’ ecologies. We’ll read canonical drama alongside less well-known plays, fairy tales, georgic poetry, agricultural treatises on composting and soil amendment, a dictionary of the terraqueous globe, as well as prose works on: Europe’s ‘little ice age,’ earthquakes, fossils, and the rise of air pollution. Toggling geographically between Europe and the Americas throughout, we’ll arrive here, in the Connecticut River Valley, exploring recent work in trans-Atlantic colonial ecology. The final two seminars provide a diptych study of Paradise and Ruin.
Course Syllabus
Week 1
pluralizing the anthropocene, an introduction
Steve Mentz, Break Up the Anthropocene (2019)
WEEK 2
ANTHROPOCENE
Primary Readings: Thinking the Anthropocene with the Early Moderns
Steve Mentz, “Enter the Anthropocene, Circa 1610” in Anthropocene Reading in Geologic Times (2017): 43-58.
Philip John Usher, “Untranslating the Anthropocene.” diacritics, vol. 44, no. 3 (2016): 56-77.
Vin Nardizzi, “Environ” in Veer Ecology. Eds. JJ Cohen and L. Duckert (2017): 183-195.
Primary Readings: Thinking the Anthropocene
Dipesh Chakrabarty, “The Climate of History: Four Theses.” Critical Inquiry, vol. 35, no. 2 (2009): 197-222.
Stacy Alaimo, “Your Shell on Acid: Material Immersion, Anthropocene Dissolves” in Anthropocene Feminism. Ed. R. Grusin (2017): 89-120.
Donna Harraway, “Introduction” and “Tentacular Thinking: Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Chthulucene” in Staying with Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (2016): 1-4, 30-57.
Kyle Whyte, “Indigenous Climate Change Studies: Indigenizing Futures, Decolonizing the Anthropocene.” English Language Notes, vol. 55, no. 1-2 (Fall 2017): 153-162.
Robert Macfarlane, “Desecration phrasebook: A litany for the Anthropocene.” New Scientist, Dec. 15, 2015. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22830523-200-desecration-phrasebook-a-litany-for-the-anthropocene/
WEEK 3
GREEN DESIRE
Primary Readings
Thomas Hill, The gardeners labyrinth containing a discourse of the garden life, in the yearly trauels to be bestovved on his plot of earth, for the vse of a garden (1577)
William Lawson, New Orchard or Garden… Countrie Housewifes Garden (1631)
Hugh Plat, The Garden of Eden, or, An Accurate description of all flowers and fruits now growing in England (1654 edition)
Thomas Tusser, Fiue Hundreth Points of Good Husbandry Vnited to as Many of Good Husewiferie, First Deuised [and] Nowe Lately Augmented with Diuerse Approued Lessons Concerning Hopps [and] Gardening (1574 edition)
Critical Readings
Rebecca Bushnell, Green Desire: Imagining Early Modern English Gardens (2003)
Introduction: 1-11
Chapter 1 “Composing Gardens”: 13-48
Chapter 4 “The Ladies’ Part”: 108-131
Leah Knight, Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England (2009)
Epilogue (read the epilogue first): 133-134
Chapter 2 “The Bookish Nature of Botanical Culture”: 13-28
Marjorie Swann, “Vegetable Love: Botany and Sexuality in 17th Century England” in The Indistinct Human in Renaissance Literature. Eds. J. Feerick and V. Nardizzi (2012): 139-158.
Hillary Eklund, “Introduction: Toward a Renaissance Soil Science” in Ground-Work: English Renaissance Literature and Soil Science. Eds. H. Eklund (2017): 1-15.
Patricia Seed, “Houses, Gardens, and Fences: Signs of Possession in the New World,” in Ceremonies of Possession in Europe’s Conquest of the New World, 1492-1640 (1995): 16-40.
Suggested
Botanical Arts and Artists: https://www.botanicalartandartists.com/herbals.html
Biodiversity Heritage Library: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/
DUE: Cross-Pollination Session (5%)
Dig into any one of the early modern Gardens that interests you (linked & in Moodle).
Pluck something from your Garden that relates to a reading above.
Prepare a single slide to introduce us to what you’ve dug up & why.
Pollinate. You’ll have 3 minutes to cross-pollinate with ideas in the critical readings by way of your Garden.
WEEK 4
The Botany of Race
Primary Readings
Ovid, Metamorphoses, “Procne and Philomela” (Book 6)
Raymond Williams, “Nature” in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society
William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus
Critical Readings
Jean Feerick, “Economies of Nature in Shakespeare.” Shakespeare Studies, vol. 39 (2011): 32-42.
_____, “Botanical Shakespeares: The Racial Logic of Plant Life in Titus Andronicus.” South Central Review, vol. 26, no. 1-2 (2009): 82-102.
Jennifer Munroe, “Is it Really Ecocritical if it isn’t Feminist?” in Ecological Approaches to Early Modern English Texts. Eds. J. Munroe et al. (2015): 37-47.
Week 5
ECO-ENTANGLEMENTS: RUIN, GRAFTING, STRATIFICATION CA. 920-2020
Graduate Conference, Co-Organized by Melissa Hudasko and John Yargo
Saturday, February 22, 2020. 9am at the Kinney Center for Interdisciplinary Renaissance Studies
Click here for conference details.
Primary Readings
Anthropocene Reading: Literary History in Geologic Times. Eds. T. Menely & J. Oak Taylor (2017)
Tobias Menely and Jesse Oak Taylor, “Introduction”: 1-24
Jeffery Jerome Cohen, “Anarky”: 25-42
Veer Ecology: A Companion for Environmental Thinking. Eds. JJ. Cohen & L. Duckert (2017)
Tim Ingold, “Whirl”: 421-433
Readings from Jean Feerick
David Macauley, “Introduction” and “Part II: Elemental Theories” in Elemental Philosophy: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as Elemental Ideas (2010): 1-9, 103-251.
Week 6
WOR/L/DS
Primary Readings: Eco-Philology in Practice
Jack Turner, “Another Extinction: Words We Use to Describe the Natural World.” Our World, Jan. 19, 2016. https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/another-extinction-words-we-use-to-describe-the-natural-world
Veer Ecology: A Companion for Environmental Thinking. Eds. JJ. Cohen & L. Duckert (2017)
Introduction: 1-15
pick a single word you wish to read in relation to your interests
pick word from the list of “Errata” to veer into as you wish: 477
Prismatic Ecology: Ecotheory beyond Green. Ed. JJ. Cohen (2013)
Forward by Lawrence Buell: ix-xii
Introduction, “Ecology’s Rainbow” by Jeffery Jerome Cohen: xv-xxxv
“Greener” by Vin Nardizzi: 147-169
Onward, “After Green Ecologies: Prismatic Visions” by Serenella Iovino and Serpil Oppermann: 328-336
An Ecotopian Lexicon. Eds. M. Schneider-Mayerson & BR. Bellamy (2019)
Forward by Kim Stanley Robinson: xi-xiv
Introduction by Matthew Schneider-Mayerson and Brent Ryan Bellamy: 1-14
Visit the Portfolio & Artist Statements exhibition (between pages 152-153) & read corresponding word entries in the lexicon
Primary Readings: Early Modern Experiments in Eco-Philology
John Baret, An Alveary or Triple Dictionary, in English, Latin, and French (1580)
Title Page; “To the Reader”; Prefatory poems
John Thorie, The Theatre of the Earth (1599)
Title page; “What is performed in this Booke”
Roger Williams, A key into the language of America, or, An help to the language of the natives in that part of America called New-England (1643)
Title page; “To my dear…”
“Directions for the use of the Language”
“Helpe to the native Language of that part of America called New England” & “Observations” that follow
Critical Reading
Mel Y. Chen, “Language and Mattering Humans” in Animacies: Biopolitical, Racial Mattering, and Queer Affect (2012): 23-55.
DUE: Online Forum “ECO-PHILOLOGY,” Monday at Noon (See Moodle for prompt)
WEEK 7
ICE
Primary Readings
Shakespeare Sonnets: 2, 6, 18, 33, 73
& SHORT SELECTIONS FROM:
George Best, A true discourse of the last voyages of discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by the Northvveast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher (1584)
John Davis, The Worldes Hydrographical Discription [sic] (1595)
Thomas Ellis, A True Report (1578)
Critical Readings
Robert Markley, “Summer’s Lease: Shakespeare in the Little Ice Age” in Early Modern Ecostudies: From the Florentine Codex to Shakespeare. Eds. T. Hallock et al. (2008): 131-142.
Frances Dolan, “Biodynamic Viticulture, Natural Wine, and the Premodern” in Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination. Eds. V. Nardizzi and TJ. Werth (2019): 121-149.
Lowell Duckert, “Shivering, Wet” and “Going Glacial” in For All Waters: Finding Ourselves in Early Modern Wetscapes (2017): xi-xxvi, 97-149.
_____, “Speaking as the North” blog in The Sundial.
Christopher Heuer. “Introduction” and “Savage Episteme” in Into the White: The Renaissance Arctic and the End of Image (2019): 9-25, 81-120.
Suggested: Watch Ice on Fire (HBO) Documentary; and visit https://icebergfinder.com/
Week 8
SEA
Primary Readings
Myth: Ovid, Metamorphoses, Story of Ceyx’s shipwreck (Book 11)
Poetry: John Donne, “The Calm” & “The Storm”
Andrew Marvell, “Bermudas”
Narrative: your choice of any one ‘travel narrative’ Mentz discusses in Chapter 3. “Isle of Tempests”
Critical Readings
Stacy Alaimo, “Unmoor” in Veer Ecology. Eds. JJ. Cohen and L. Duckert (2017): 407-420.
Steve Mentz, Shipwreck Modernity: Ecologies of Globalization, 1550-1719 (2015)
Two Prefaces “Theoretical Preface, Narrative Preface”: ix-xxxiv
Chapter 3 “Isle of Tempests”: 51-76
Chapter 6 “Sea of Poetry and Maritime Crisis”: 131-159
Three Short Epilogues: 177-181
Naomi Klein, “Let Them Drown: The Violence of Othering in a Warming World” in London Review of Books, Jun. 2, 2016. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v38/n11/naomi-klein/let-them-drown
Week 9
Wetlands
Primary Readings
Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book1 (339-54); “Iphis and Ianthe” in Book 9; “Acis and Galatea” in Book 13.
John Lyly, Galatea (1588). Revels Edition.
Critical Readings
Patricia Badir, “Coastal Squeeze: Environmental Metamorphosis and Lily’s Linconshire” in Ovidian Transversions (2019): 191-212.
Michael Johnson, “The Coastal Squeeze: Changing Tactics for Dealing with Climate Change.” Greater Atlantic Region, Habitat Conservation Division in NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (June 2019). https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/coastal-squeeze-changing-tactics-dealing-climate-change
Hillary Eklund, “Wetlands Reclamation and the Face of the Local in 17th Century England” in Ground-Work (2017): 149-170.
Optional (for Drama Lovers)
Richard Brome, Sparagus Garden
Week 10
American Environment
Note: This is a heavy reading week. Your goal is to work your way through this broad cross-disciplinary range of materials focused in various ways on settler colonialism. As you read, pluck primary materials you may wish to return to in your projects. Consider: how do various disciplines constitute their research subject(s) & what methodologies — implicit or explicit — are valued"?
Critical Readings
Janet Tamalik McGrath, “Sila” in Ecotopian Lexicon. Eds. M. Schneider-Mayerson and BR. Bellamy (2019): 256-265.
McGrath holds a PhD in Canadian Studies and Political Economy & grew up between Inuit traditional and modern influences in the 1970s Canadian Arctic.
Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, “ Land as pedagogy: Nishnaabeg intelligence and rebellious transformation.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, vol. 3, no. 3 (2014): 1-25.
Simpson is a writer, activist, and faculty member inFaculty of Arts at Ryerson University (Toronto) & member of Alderville First Nation, Ontario, Canada.
Peter C. Mancall, Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic (2018).
Mancall is a historian and anthropologist of the early modern Atlantic.
Susan Scott Parrish, “The British Metropolis and its ‘America’” in American Curiosity: Cultures of Natural History in the Colonial British Atlantic World (2006): 24-76.
Parrish is an early Americanist and professor of literature.
Strother E. Roberts, “Hunting Beaver: The Postdiluvian World of the Fur Trade” in Colonial Ecology, Atlantic Economy: Transforming Nature in Early New England (2019): 21-57.
Roberts is a historian of the environment and economy of early modern North America.
WEEK 11
WOOD (OR, “NATURE”-AS-RESOURCE)
Primary Readings (Whirl back to where we began)
Ovid, Metamorphoses, “Daphne and Apollo” (Book 1)
Gerard’s Herball (refresh your memory)
Critical Readings
Vin Nardizzi, “Shakespeare’s Globe and England’s Woods.” Shakespeare Studies, vol. 39 (2011): 54-63.
_____, “Epilogue: The Afterlives of the Globe” in Wooden Os: Shakespeare’s Theaters and England’s Trees (2013): 136-138.
_____, “Wooden Slavery.” Editor’s Column PMLA, vol. 126, no. 2 (March 2011): 313-315.
_____, “Daphne Described: Ovidian Poetry and Speculative Natural History in Gerard’s Herball.” Philological Quarterly, vol. 98, no. 1-2 (2019): 137-156.
Vin Nardizzi and Tiffany Jo Werth, Introduction, “Oecologies: Engaging the World, From Here” in Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination. Eds. V. Nardizzi and TJ. Werth (2019): 3-24.
DUE: 3 co-authored seminar questions for Prof. Vin Nardizzi , Friday, April 10 by Noon
Upload in ‘Forum’: Nardizzi (Moodle)
Sunday: Vin will respond with a short reading drawn from his current work in progress.
Distributed on Moodle Sunday, read carefully for Tuesday.
Our Goals:
to collaborate with Vin: generate a triangulated conversation next Tuesday not between ourselves, our readings, and Vin Nardizzi. Rather, together with us, Vin will puzzle through what answers lie in his new work that implicitly respond to questions that arose for us our of his previous work.
to treat Vin’s new work as another ‘voice in the room.’ Your goal is to activate that voice to venture generous speculations and provisional answers to our collective questions.
to welcome Vin warmly as the author not the authority.
Week 12
Welcome Vin Nardizzi
Ursula K. Heise, Afterward. “Environmentalism, Eco-Cosmopolitanism, and Premodern Thought” in Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination. Eds. V. Nardizzi and TJ. Werth (2019): 282-288.
_____, “From the Blue Planet to Google Earth” in Sense of Place and Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global (2008): 50-63.
Week 13
Paradise/Wounded Earth
Primary Readings
John Milton, Paradise Lost (Book 1, Book 4, Book 5, and Book 9)
King James Bible, “Genesis,” 1-3
Critical Readings
EcoFeminist Approaches to Early Modernity. Eds. J. Munroe and R. Laroche (2011)
Lynne D. Bruckner, “N/nature and the Difference ‘She’ Makes”: 15-35
Jennifer Munroe, “First Mother of Science: Milton’s Eve, Knowledge, and Nature”: 37-54
Wendy Furman-Adams and Virginia J. Tufte, “Ecofeminist Eve: Artists Reading Milton’s Heroine”: 55-83
Timothy Morton, “Introduction: Critical Thinking” and “Thinking Big” in The Ecological Thought (2010): 1-19, 20-58.
Listen: “Monsters, Marvels, and the Birth of Science” (an interview with Lorraine Daston)
Week 14
RuiN
Welcome Melissa Hudasko
Primary Readings
The Ruin (Old English Elegy) published during the 10th century. Please read this translation: https://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/sechard/oeruin.htm. Melissa Hudasko will walk us through its particularities when she visits.
Ovid, Metamorphoses, “Deucalion and Pyrrha” (Book 1) and other stony metamorphoses of your choice
Secondary Readings
Heide Estes, “Ruined Landscapes” in Anglo Saxon Literary Landscapes (2017): 61-87.
Jon Beasley-Murray, “Vilcashuamán: Telling Stories in Ruin” in The Ruins of Modernity. Eds. Hell and Schönle (2010): 212-231.
J.J. Cohen, “Time: The Insistence of Stone” in Stone: An Ecology of the Inhuman (2015): 75-126.
Andrew Hui, The Poetics of Ruins in Renaissance Literature (2016) - short selections
Ruin Porn “What ‘ruin porn’ tells us about ruins - and porn”:
https://www.cnn.com/style/article/what-ruin-porn-tells-us-about-ruins-and-porn/index.html
Detroit as Ruin:
https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2018/08/16/detroit-ruin-porn/979984002/